VTI: Principle of mass conservation

Caption

In the absence of valvular regurgitation or intracardiac shunts, the stroke volume (SV) is the same across each valve or orifice. CSA: cross-sectional area; VTI: velocity–time integral; AV: aortic valve; MV: mitral valve; TV: tricuspid valve; PV: pulmonary valve; LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract; d: diameter; CSA: cross-sectional area; VTI: velocity–time integral; HR: heart rate; RVOT: right ventricular outflow tract; LV: left ventricle; AoR: aortic root; LA: left atrium; da: descending aorta; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle; PA: pulmonary artery; r-PA: right-PA; l-PA: left-PA [pmid: 32318842]

Source

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32318842/